Technologies With a Future
Companies and institutions working as part of the Polish Platform on Mobile Communications and Wireless Technology have developed a number of promising hardware and software systems. All these systems are based on modern mobile technologies such as UMTS, HSDPA, HSOPA, IEEE 802.16/WiMAX, IEEE 802.20/MBWA, FLASH-OFDM, RFID, and XMax.
UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) is the basis of the third-generation (3G) European-standard system of cellular telephony currently under construction in Poland. It ensures a nominal data transfer speed of up to 11 Mb/s. Work is under way to develop the UMTS system toward the Beyond 3G standard and eventually the 4G standard that will guarantee permanent fast internet access for multimedia services.
HSDPA (High-Speed Downlink Packet Access) is a mobile telephony standard applied in Poland to accelerate internet access in UMTS networks. Dubbed 3.5G, it enables data transfer over UMTS networks at a speed of up to 10 Mb/s.
HSOPA (High Speed OFDM Packet Access) is yet another step in the development of the UMTS system and a successor to HSDPA technology. HSOPA is expected to ensure a more flexible use of cellular telephony, with a maximum data transfer speed of 100 Mb/s.
IEEE 802.16 is a group of standards for wireless broadband data transfer widely known as WiMAX. At present, two versions are available, IEEE 802.16d, also known as stationary WiMAX, and IEEE 802.16e, known as mobile WiMAX. The technology enables data transfer of 15 Mb/s in the mobile version and 40 Mb/s in the stationary version, within a radius of 8 km. Some WiMAX networks, both public and private, are already available in Poland. For example, a public network operates in Zielonka near Warsaw, and a private network is run by the Netia company.
IEEE 802.20, also called Mobile Broadband Wireless Access (MBWA), is a wireless broadband data transfer standard that makes it possible to build inexpensive mobile broadband networks known as Mobile-Fi. The technology is expected to provide data transfer of over 1 Mb/s.
FLASH-OFDM (Fast Low-Latency Access with Seamless Handoff Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) is a cellular telephony system that uses a band previously utilized by first-generation analog networks (450 MHz), with a maximum data transfer speed of 5.3 Mb/s. It stands a good change of competing with the GSM and 3G networks. Finnish company Digita is building the first cellular telephony network using this standard, @450. Another such network is being built in Slovakia by German company T-Mobile.
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is an automatic identification method relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags, or transponders. An RFID tag is an object that can be applied to or incorporated into a product, animal or person for the purpose of identification using radiowaves. Some tags can be read from several meters away and beyond the line of sight of the reader. Today, a significant thrust in RFID use is in enterprise supply chain management, improving the efficiency of inventory tracking and management. The system provides for data transfer of 106, 212 or 424 Kb/s.
XMax is a radio frequency modulation and encoding technology developed by U.S. company xG Technology Inc. It enables wireless data transfer of 6.24 Mb/s over a distance of around 2 km. xMax provides a relatively large operating range combined with low power consumption.